original endings

Cross section of various opinions about original PIE endings, not yet displaced by pronoun endings. Theories about earlier stages, more precise definitions, and a few outliers not integrated into the table are given in the footnotes.

sg. du. pl.
mf n mf n mf n
N -?(s) -h₁?(e) -ih₁ -es -?(h₂)
V
A -m -ns
L -?(i) -su
D -ei -(bʰ?(i̯)|m)os
Ab -?(e|o)s -(bʰ?(i̯)|m)os
G -?(e|o)s -(ō|o)m
I -?(e)h₁ -(bʰ|m)i?(s)

accent and ablaut classes (Beekes)

Accent and ablaut classes as calculated in Beekes 2011. This is the second edition of the often-quoted Beekes 1995 p.175, in which the numbering of the hysterodynamic types is different: Beekes 1995 type 1 is Beekes 2011 type 4, and vice versa.

S PD HD
1 2 3 4
N é-Ø-Ø é-Ø-Ø é-Ø-Ø é-ō-Ø ?(e|é)-(ō̂|ō)-Ø Ø-é̄-Ø
A Ø-é-Ø Ø-é-Ø (e|é)-(ó|o)-Ø Ø-é-Ø
G Ø-(é|ó)-Ø Ø-Ø-ó Ø-Ø-ó ?(e)-Ø-ó Ø-Ø-ó

original accent and ablaut classes (Kloekhorst)

Original accent and ablaut classes as reconstructed by Kloekhorst 2013 p.125.

static mobile
neuter non-neuter
N é-Ø-Ø é-Ø-Ø
A é-Ø-Ø Ø-é-Ø
L Ø-é-Ø
G Ø-é-Ø Ø-Ø-é

original ending particles (Beekes)

Early-PIE ending particles as read into Beekes 2011.

sg. pl.
E+G -os
Abs+L
D+L -ei
D -mus
Abl -ios
I -bʰi

Bibliography